提高水稻氮肥利用率、控制氮肥污染的新途径—SSNM

SSNM-A new approach to increasing fertilizer N use efficiency and reducing N loss from rice fields.

我国水稻生产氮肥用量大,氮肥利用率低。大量N素从稻田流失进入环境,对环境生态构成潜在威胁。经与IRRI协作,为金华双季稻区创立了适地养分管理新技术(SSNM)。SSNM的施肥综合考虑了当地的气候条件,水稻品种的潜在产量和养分需求,土壤固有养分的供应能力,养分利用效率和平衡养分供应,以及社会经济效应等。同农民常规施肥相比,在产量略有增加的同时,SSNM可以显著提高氮肥利用率,平均减少氮肥用量约30%,从源头上遏制了氮肥引起的面源污染。多年的田间试验表明,SS-NM具有在广大稻区推广的前景。

In China, average rate of N application for rice production is high and fertilizerN use efficiency is low compared with other major rice growing countries. Environmental pollution by nitrogen leaching or runoff from rice fields has become a serious concern. In cooperation with IRRI scientists, we developed a new sitespecific nutrient management (SSNM) approach for doublerice growth area of Jinhua. The field and seasonspecific fertilizer recommendations are worked out taking into account indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socioeconomic factors. The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in the past five years (19982002) cropping seasons. Compared with FFP, when SSNM was adopted, average grain yield increased by 0.4 t/hm2 and nitrogen use efficiency increased significantly. About 30% of fertilizer N used in current rice production could be reduced through adoption of SSNM, which could effectively cut off the nonpoint pollution resource of N from rice fields. 