2359例青年脑卒中患者危险因素研究

Study on the risk factors among stroke in young people

目的 探讨中国青年脑卒中患者的危险因素。方法 从全国 1 8个省、市 36家医院共收集脑卒中病例 64 558例作为病例组 ,其中 1 8～ 45岁脑卒中患者共 6 30 5例 ,抽取 2 359例进行了脑卒中危险因素调查和特征分析 ;对 35～ 45岁的 1 988例有关危险因素水平与对照组即相同年龄正常人群脑卒中的有关危险因素水平进行比较。结果 纳入研究对象的脑卒中患者平均年龄为 (39.5± 5 .4)岁 ,缺血性卒中占 63 .6 % ,男性占 72 .7% ;病例组的各项主要危险因素均高于对照组。特别是高血压病史、吸烟和饮酒 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;病例组病死率为 2 .5 % ,死亡原因主要为脑疝和中枢性的呼吸循环衰竭。结论 国内≤ 45岁的脑卒中占全部脑卒中 9.77% ,以缺血性脑卒中为主 ,男性居多。青年脑卒中病死率较低 ,死亡原因主要为脑疝中枢性的呼吸循环衰竭。病例组脑卒中危险因素均明显高于对照组。危险因素依次排列为高血压病史、吸烟、饮酒、脑卒中病史、心脏病史、糖尿病史、高脂血症病史。

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of brain stroke among ≤45 years old in China. Methods Collection of all 6 305 stroke patients aged ≤45, 2 359 cases checked on the spots, and in which 1 988 cases aged 35 45 group. Control group was chosen with same age normal people to analyse the risk factors of brain stroke (χ 2). Results Patients aged ≤45 taking up 9.77 % in all the stroke patients and most of them were ischemic stroke ( 63.6 %). Male patients took up 72.7 %, with main risk factors hypertension, smoking and drinking, higher than the female ones( P < 0.05 ). The mortality was 2.5 % with main cause of death as brain hernia. Risk factors of stroke, such as hypertension, were significant higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions In China, the morbidity of stroke patients aged ≤45 took up 9.77 % in all of stroke patients with majority seem in ischemic stroke and male patients. Hypertension, smoking and drinking were main risk factors for male paitents. The morbidity of younger aged stroke tended to increase with as the increase of age, and focused on aged 40 45 group ( 62.4 %). Mortality was 2.5 %, and the cause of death was brain hernia. Most of the risk factors in patient group were greatly higher than in controls. The order of risk factors were hypertension ( 41.0 %), smoking ( 38.8 %), drinking ( 38.3 %), prior stroke ( 14.9 %), heart disease ( 7.2 %), diabetes ( 5.2 %) and hyperlipidemia ( 4.2 %).