新疆大气颗粒物的时空分布特征

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Xinjiang

基于2015年新疆12个城市的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)地面监测数据,并结合同期气象观测数据,分析了新疆PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度的时空分布特征及其与气象要素的关联性。结果表明:新疆大气颗粒物年均质量浓度呈现南高北低特征,南疆各城市的年均PM_(10)质量浓度为150～262μg/m^3,年均PM_(2.5)质量浓度为50～118μg/m^3。北疆各城市的质量浓度相对较低,年均PM_(10)质量浓度为28～139μg/m^3,年均PM_(2.5)质量浓度为13～74μg/m^3。从时间变化来看,在春季和夏季,新疆以粗颗粒物污染为主,冬季以细颗粒物污染为主。此外,在南疆各城市3月PM_(10)质量浓度突然大幅升高与相对湿度明显下降、风速增大直接相关,沙尘天气是导致该区域春季高PM_(10)质量浓度的重要原因。

Based on the PM10 and PM2.5 ground monitoring data of 12 cities in Xinjiang in 2015, combined with corresponding meteorological observation data, this paper analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Xinjiang and its correlation with meteorological factors. The results showed that the annual concentration of atmospheric particulate matter in Xinjiang was obviously different from north to south, the average annual concentration of PM10 in southern cities was 150-262 μg/m3 and PM2.5 was 50-118 μg/m3. The concentration of PM10 in northern cities was relatively low, with an average annual PM10 concentration of 28-139 μg/m3 and PM2.5 was 13-74 μg/m3. For temporal variation, Xinjiang was mainly to coarse particulate pollution in spring and summer, and mainly to fine particulate pollution in winter. In addition, in the southern cities, the significant increase of PM10 concentration in March was directly related to the obviously decreased relative humidity and the rose wind speed, indicating that dust weather was an important reason for the high concentration of PM10 in spring in this region.