热戏与唐宋戏剧的演出形态

The Drama-contests and the Forms of Performance in the Tang and Song Dramas

热戏是唐代的一种竞艺性表演方式。其主要内容以散乐为主 ,包括杂技百戏和俳优的戏谑性表演 ,其演出形态为分朋竞艺。热戏的文献记载最早出现在唐玄宗开元二年 ,但其基本形态在唐高宗时期就已定形 ,而其雏形则可追溯至南北朝时期的分朋竞射。热戏由竞技向竞艺性表演转化受到了唐代初期佛道的论议表演形式的影响。热戏的竞演方式直接影响了唐宋时期的戏剧出演形态 ,刺激了戏剧表演的发展。但随着戏剧长度的增加和戏剧表演的观赏性发展到需要观众保持足够的注意力时 ,热戏式的竞演方式便渐至消亡。

As a game_like performance in the Tang Dynasty (618-907),drama_contests consist mainly of variety entertainments including acrobatics and bantering performance by acrobats.The forms of performance are contests between opponents.The literature heritage of drama_contests are found to appear for the first time in the second year of Kaiyuan,the second of the three reign periods of Emperor Xuanzong (713-741A.D)of the Tang Dynasty.The basic formation of the contests was finalized in the reign of Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty,but their embryonic form can be traced back to arrow_shooting contests between opponent camps found in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-581A.D).The transformation of drama_contest from athletic games to entertaining skill_contest performance was influenced by the dispute forms of performance practiced by Buddhists and Taoists in the early years of the Tang Dynasty.This kind of performance exerted direct influence on the formation of dramatic performance in both the Tang and Song Dynasties,and stimulated the development of dramas.With the increase of the length of performance time,however,and because of the need for audience concentration of their attention to drama's nature for admiration,the forms of drama_contests vanished in time.