中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的理论和实证分析

Analysis on Theory and Verification of Central Government Investment in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

目前,城市污水处理厂的建没速度比较迟缓,地方政府建设城市污水处理厂的积极性不高。针对这一现状,文章对城市污水处理厂的外部性和投资资金不足等原因进行了调查和分析。结果表明,在城市基础设施建设资金不足的背景下,城市污水处理厂的建设资金更加不足,导致这种结果的根本原因在于城市污水处理厂收益的外部性,即当前以地方政府为投资主体的城市污水处理投资体制不能满足城市污水处理的需求。因此,城市污水处理厂的外部性和流域水污染防治的系统性要求中央政府承担建设城市污水处理厂的主要责任。另外,流域内社会经济发展的普遍不平衡,以及国外在城市污水处理厂投资方面的一些成功经验,都说明了中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的必要性。

Although domestic wastewater became the prominent pollution sources in China, the progress of construction of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWWTP) is slower than that designed in the plan. The local government, main investor of DWWTP, is not so positive to invest. In the context of shortge of fund in the field of urban infrastructure construction, the fund used in DWWTP is smaller. The fundamental cause for this dilemma is the externality of DWWTP, which means that the present investment system can not meet the social demand of water pollution control. The externality of local government investment in DWWTP and the character of system in river basin water pollution control show that central government should take the responsibility to invest DWWTP. Non-equilibriums of socio-economic development in whole river basin and some successful experiences of USA in DWWTP construction support our argument.