1990～2000年全国铁路交通伤害流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on railway injury in China from 1990 to 2000

目的 分析全国铁路交通伤害的流行特征 ,探讨事故原因。方法 收集 1990～ 2 0 0 0年全路客、货运输重大、大事故记录资料 ,应用圆形分布等统计分析方法。结果 1990～ 2 0 0 0年全路重大、大事故数呈下降趋势 ;月份分布呈集中于 7月的趋势 ( α =2 0 2 63 ) ;发生地点以沿线区间 (5 9 62 % )、车站 (3 1 86% )为多 ;主要责任者是机车乘务员 (3 7 72 % )、工务段工人 (2 3 68% )、路外人员 (15 79% )等 ;事故主要成因是失职 (19 87% )、违章 (18 61% )、设备故障 (17 67% )和自然灾害 (9 78% )。结论 全国铁路交通伤害发生数时有波动 ,主要因素是人为。

Objective To study the epidemiological feature of railway injury in China and find out the causes of injuries. Methods To collect the record of fateful and great railway injuries in China from 1990 to 2000,and analyze the data by circular distribution and chi square test.Results From 1990 to 2000 the tendency of railway injury was descending.There was a centralized tendency of month distribution to July(=202 63).More injuries happened on interval railroads(59 62%) and railway stations(31 86%).The major responsibilities were train drivers (37 72%),truck maintenance workers (23 68%),and non railway staff (15 79%),etc.The main causes of railway injury were dereliction of duty (19 87%),against regulations (18 61%),facility trouble (17 67%) and natural calamity (9 78%). Conclusion The numbers of railway injury in China are fluctuating.Major factors are human factors,facility trouble and natural calamity.