食用蕉若干品种类型叶片组织结构的比较观察

Comparison and Observation on Structure of Leaves Among Several Banana Varieties or Types

本文详细描绘了天宝蕉(AAA)、粉蕉(AAB)和柴蕉(ABB)3个品种(类型)叶片结构上的差异和气孔的大小、密度、气孔指数、开张度的差异及气孔运动的日变化.食用蕉叶片的表皮组织、栅栏组织、海绵组织的厚度和叶片厚度因品种(类型)而异,一般为天宝蕉>柴蕉>粉蕉.叶片表皮细胞大小为柴蕉>粉蕉>天宝蕉,表皮细胞密度则相反.气孔纵径一般为天宝蕉>粉蕉>柴蕉,开张度则相反;气孔密度和上下表皮气孔密度比值为粉蕉>柴蕉>天宝蕉,由此推论粉蕉和柴蕉可能有较高的光合速率;粉蕉和柴蕉叶片气孔相对面积和气孔指数相近,远远大于天宝蕉.叶片的CTR值和PR值为柴蕉>粉蕉>天宝蕉,与抗寒性呈正相关;SR值相反,与抗寒性呈负相关,可作为品种的抗寒性指标.文中还讨论了上述研究结果在香蕉分类、逆境生理和抗性育种上应用的可能性.

The present article deals with the difference of leaves structure, the size, density and opening degree of stoma, stomatal index and stomatic daily motion among banana cultivar Tianbao (Musa AAA), Fen (M.AAB) and Chai (M.ABB).There are differences in the thickness of epidermis tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue in banana leaf and leaf thickness among varieties.Generally.Tianbao is the thickest, Chai second and Fen is the thinest.The size of epidermis cell of Chai is larger than that of Fen which is larger than that of Tianbao.While the density of epidermis cell is just the opposite.The length of stoma of Tianbao is longer than that of Fen which is longer than that of chai, and while the opening degree of stoma is just the opposite.The density of stoma and upper—lower epidermis stomatal density ratio of Fen and Chai are larger than Tianbao.It is inferred that intensity of photosynthsis of Chai and Fen may be higher than Tianbao.The relative area of stoma and stomatal index of Fen and Chai are almost equivalent, and are all larger than that of Tianbao.The possibility of applying the experimental results to banana classification, stress physiology and hardiness breeding is discussed in this paper.