利用盐沼植物生态结构发展滩涂种植

Growing Plants on Beach Areas According to the Ecological Structures of Salt-marsh Plants

配合滩涂开发的需要,采用比较解剖方法,探讨福建滨海盐沼植物的主要生态结构,叶片复表皮及其各组织的分化、气孔多分布于远轴面表皮凹陷处等旱生结构,以及盐腺的存在和数量,均为对滨海强光照、大风浪和高盐分生理干旱的适应,呼吸根和各种通气组织比值高,体表窝气层和沟缝的形成,有利于在嫌气滩涂和海水浸淹下进行气体交换,气孔大小与密度的相关不显著,与气孔器面积呈极显著相关,提出以单位叶面积中气孔器总面积的比值,结合其它生态结构,选择适于滩涂低、中、高至潮上带种植和改造围垦土壤的先锋植物。

The ecological structures of salt—marsh plants on Fujian beach were investigated by means of methods of comparative anatomy in order to exploit beach areas.Xeromophic structures of compound epiderms and differentiations of their tissues, the distributions of most stomata in the venters of abaxial epiderms of leaves etc, the exist and the quantities of salt glands were adaptations to the circumstances of strong illumination, stormy waves and physiological drought for higher salt.Higher ratios of respiratory roots and ventilating tissues, the formations of air-storing layers and canals on the epiderms were available for gaseous metabolism on anaerobic beach and under sea water.The stoma size was not obviously related with the stoma density (r =-0.5914<r_(0.05,7)=0.7540), but was significantly related with the stoma area(r= 0.9065>r_(0.01,7)=0.8740).It was suggested that the total area of stomata per unit area of leaf with the other ecological structures could be employed to select pioneer plants for beach areas.