黄粉虫的生物学特性及养殖技术的研究

Studies On the Bionomics and Breeding of Yellow Mealworm,Tenebrio molitor L.

黄粉虫在福州自然室温下一年可繁殖2代,发育快的个体超过2代,发育慢的不足2代。在人工控制的温度、湿度、光照及食物等条件下试验结果表明:(1)卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为10.46℃、9.98℃、9.62℃和9.58℃;有效积温分别为123.57、1964.88、135.05和105.72日度;温度与发育的关系的数理统计模式分别是成虫产卵和幼虫发育的最高临界温度为34℃;(2)卵、幼虫、蛹的发育和成虫产卵量的最住湿度分别为RH75％、90％、和90％;(3)在连续光照下,成虫寿命缩短,产卵量减少;(4)幼虫和成虫的饲料均以糠、(?)为主。添加适量青饲料者显著加速幼虫生长和提高或虫产卵量。在养殖中,除控制上述条件外,各虫态的分群饲养和成虫的隔离产卵也是重要措施,并须注意粉螨对卵的危害。

Yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., is a forage insect containing rich protein. The insects produce about two generations a year under natural room temperature in Fuzhou. The insect has been studied in laberatory under various temperature, relative humidity, light and food. The results show that the developmental zero for egg, pupa and adult oviposition is 10.46℃, 9.98℃, 9.62℃ and 9.58℃; the effective temperature summation is 123.57, 1964.88, 135.05 and 105.72 day-degrees; the logistic equation of relationship between temperature and developmental rate is and, respectively. The high critical temperature of adult oviposition and larval development is 34℃. The optimum RH for the development of egg, larva, pupa and the oviposition of adult is 75％, 80％, 90％ and 90％, respectively. Under continual light, the life of adult becomes to shorten and its ovigerous quantity decreases apparently. Both larva and adult feed chiefly on bran. By adding some vegetable or grass in the food, the larval development is accelerated and the ovigerous quantity is increased.Segregative breeding of larva, pupa and adult and segregative oviposition of adults have bccn considered to be important for the improvement of yellow meal worm breeding.