海藻生物吸附金属离子技术的特点和功能

Characteristics and function of macroalgae biosorption technology to metal ion

生物吸附技术是环境领域近年来迅速发展起来的处理工业污染废水的新技术 .它以各种生物 (菌类或藻类 )吸附废水中的重金属离子 ,具有吸附容量大、选择性强、效率高、消耗少 ,并能有效地处理含低浓度重金属离子废水等优点 .本文对国内外当前生物吸附金属离子技术的研究与应用进展作了综述 ,包括生物吸附技术的优越性 ,生物吸附剂的分类与来源 ,生物吸附的机理 ,影响生物吸附的因子 ,生物吸附剂的洗脱及固定化等问题 .通过对这些工作的了解 ,使我们对方兴未艾的海藻生物吸附技术理论基础和实际应用研究有更确切的认识 .这些理论基础研究工作为该项技术进一步研究发展打下了实际应用基础 .

Biosorption is a new technique which utilizes inexpensive living/dead organisms(fungi or algae) to adsorb heavy metals and is particularly useful for the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents. Compared with conventional methods such as ion exchange and precipitation with lime , the biosorption technique offers the advantages of low operating cost, minimization of the less disposed volume of chemical and biological sludge and high efficiency in detoxifying very dilute effluents. These advantages have served as the incentives for developing full biosorption technique to clean up heavy metal pollution. Biosorption technology is just developing rapidly, and is attractting more and more attention from scientists over the world, and we hope this technology will be extensively applied in our country.