大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育研究

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO, LARVAL AND JUVENILE OF TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS MAXIMUS L.

采用体视镜对大菱鲆胚胎期发育全过程进行连续观察 ,研究其胚胎正常发育特征 ,并继续对胚后期的仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段采用测量、手绘、照相等方法进行形态学与生态学研究。结果表明 ,大菱鲆胚胎发育与其他硬骨鱼浮性卵鱼类基本相似 ,属端黄卵 ,盘状分裂。在水温 1 3℃条件下 ,约经 1 1 6h完成孵化。胚后仔、稚、幼鱼阶段 ,体背部色素逐步增深 ,鱼体逐渐由透明变为不透明 ,由两侧对称变为不对称。 3日龄仔鱼开口 ;1— 9日龄仔鱼 ,体色呈红色 ,称之为“红苗” ;1 0— 2 4日龄 ,黑色素增多 ,称之为“黑苗” ;2 5日龄以上 ,体披大量花状色素 ,称之为“花苗” ,由此鱼体变宽 ,右眼开始上升 ;30日龄苗 ,右眼已上移至头顶背部 ;35— 38日龄苗 ,右眼已完全转移至左侧 ,变态完成而达鲆鲽类所特有的形态、生态和生理状态 ;60—90日龄苗 ,背部正常体色为沙色 (sandcolor) ,全长已达 5 0— 60mm ,可以作为商品苗出售。

The development of embryo, larval and juvenile stage of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L was investigated The results show that The embryo development of turbot same as other fish whose eggs is buoyancy The ripe egg of turbot is round and transparent with a diameter of the egg is about 1 mm One oil globule is at the center of the egg The egg is belong to telolecithal egg and discoidal cleavage The time of hatchery is about 116 hours at 13℃ The pigmentation of turbot is increased gradually from larval to juvenile with the development And the turbot body color from transparent turn to opacity The larva begin to feed at the 3 days Two melanin clumps showed color in appearance at fin film of dorsal fin and anal fin from 1—9 days It is special for turbot This stage fry is name as red fry The melanin increased to high density gradually from 10 to 24 days and show black color in appearance This stage fry is named as black fry With the development, melanin clumps distributing body surface uniformity show spot in appearance The body color change to light At the same time, the body of turbot broaden and its right eye move up The metamorphis is finished at 35—38 days Turbot show sand color with total length reach to 50—60 mm from 60—90 days This stage turbot could be as commercial fry This report will provide great help for turbot seed breeding