提高昆虫病毒杀虫效果的荧光增白剂的研究

IMPROVING EFFICACY OF INSECT VIRUS TO CONTROL PEST BY OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

荧光增白剂是生物防治研究中最近发现的一类能显著提高昆虫病毒杀虫能力、加快病毒致死昆虫速度、提高昆虫病毒对紫外光的保护作用的化学因子。林间增加效果明显而稳定。荧光增白剂可发展成为有效提高和改善昆虫病毒制剂持续控制农林害虫的重要助剂。虽然荧光增白剂能显著增强昆虫病毒毒力的机理还不清楚 ,但该机理的阐明可以为生物防治农林害虫提供新的途径甚至理论。本文综述了近 1 0a来国外在应用荧光增白剂提高昆虫病毒毒力和实际应用防治农林害虫的研究进展。并提出了荧光增白剂能扩大病毒的宿主范围 ,改变昆虫病毒感染宿主的途径和诱发昆虫病毒潜伏侵染的推论。对荧光增白剂应用中的问题也进行了讨论。

The optical brighteners were recently found to enhance the biological activity of viruses against insects of economic importance.The chemicals,which are stilbenes,improve the ability of a virus to infect and kill its hosts and to act as a UV protectant.Depending on the host\|virus combination,the brighteners were shown to reduce the amount of virus required to kill( LC 50 ) and(in some instances)the time required to kill( LT 50 ).The righteners were also shown to cause lethal virus infections in insects harboring sub\|lethal amounts of virus.In addition,the host range for a given virus might be enlarged.The brighteners had the potential to be very useful as a component in virus formulations for the control of insect pest populations.Whereas the site of action(insect midgut) was known,the mode of action was not yet fully understood.Additional research in this area will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms and will result in getting new methods for biocontrol.The present paper reviews the research on optical brighteners as enhancers,and the possible problems and applications for field operation.For example,formulations containing brighteners would be most suitable to control forest insect pests without damage to the environment.