小麦禾谷孢囊线虫及抗线虫性基因研究进展

Progress of Study on Resistance to Cereal Cyst Nematode in Wheat

禾谷孢囊线虫是危害禾谷类作物的病原线虫 ,培育和推广禾谷孢囊线虫抗性品种是最经济、安全、有效的防治途径。我国自 1989年首次有该病的报道以来 ,目前在河北、河南等省、市、区均有发现 ,而且危害面积呈正在扩大趋势。根据禾谷孢囊线虫对抗病基因的毒性差异表现 ,可将其分为 13个致病类型 ,但仍有新的致病类型被发现。在小麦中已鉴定出十多个小麦禾谷孢囊线虫抗性基因位点 ,这些抗性基因多为显性基因 ,针对不同的禾谷孢囊线虫致病类型 ,其抗性水平表现也不相同。利用分子标记技术可对抗性基因进行快速定位 ,从而为抗虫育种创造条件。同时 ,基因克隆技术使抗源得到进一步拓展 ,为小麦禾谷孢囊线虫抗性基因创制提供了一条简捷、有效的途径。

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a serious pest of cereal crops in many wheat growing regions of the world.The best way to decrease crop damage is breeding the resistance cultivars. Since the disease was reported at first in China in 1989, CCN has been found in wheat growing areas of many provinces, such as Henan and Hebei, and its distribution is spreading. Though CCN was divided into 13 types of pathogencity according to the posionous difference of CCN to the resistance genes, some other new types had been found. The loci of more than 10 resistance genes to CCN had been identified in wheat. Most of these genes were dominant . They had different levels of resistance to different types of CCN. The technology of molecular markers could available for the found of resistance gene locuses and offer some good conditions to breeders. At the same time, the range of resistance resource was developed through gene cloning. It was favorable that many new genes would be found and invented for it.