中国6种地带性土壤红外光谱特征研究

The characteristics of infrared spectrum of 6 typical zonal soils in China

利用土壤原样研究了中国 6种典型地带性土壤的红外光谱特征。结果表明 ,砖红壤、红壤红外光谱属于高岭石型图谱 ,显著的 36 95 ,36 2 0 ,10 35 cm- 1峰以及 35 2 7cm- 1峰可作为用红外光谱判断热带、南亚热带地带性土壤的特征峰。黄棕壤、褐土、黑垆土、黄绵土红外光谱为蒙脱石型图谱 ,较弱的 36 2 1cm- 1峰 ,3435和 10 2 8～10 32 cm- 1的强宽带 ,以及显著的 14 37cm- 1峰可作为温带半湿润 -半干旱地区石灰性土壤红外光谱的特征标志。黄棕壤是石灰性土壤向热带、南亚热带地区过渡的地带性土壤 ,其红外光谱标志为较宽的 3435 ,10 32 cm- 1吸收带和明显的 36 2 0 cm- 1吸收峰 ,以及较弱的 36 95 cm- 1峰 ,但没有 14 37cm- 1峰。中国从南到北 ,土壤红外光谱的36 96 ,36 2 1cm- 1 峰、石英双峰 (798,780 cm- 1 )的 797cm- 1 峰吸收强度逐渐减弱 ,而石英双峰的 780 cm- 1 峰吸收强度逐渐增强。

The infrared spectra of 6 typical zonal soils were obtained with different treatments.The infrared spectra of latosol and red soil fall into the kaolinite spectrum.On the other hand,the infrared spectra of yellow brown soil,lou soil,heilu soil,loessal soil fall into the montmorillonite spectrum.The strong 3 695 ,3 620,1 035 cm -1 peaks and 3 527 cm -1 peak can be considered as the characteristic absorption bands to judge the zonal soils of tropical and south subtropical zones.The weak 3 620 cm -1 peak,the strong 3 435 ,1 028~1 032 cm -1 broad bands,and strong 1 437 cm -1 peak can be used to judge the temperate zonal calcareous soils.Yellow brown soil is the transitional zonal soil from temperate zonal calcareous soils to tropical and south subtropical zonal soils,whose infrared spectrum includes the broad 3 435,1 032 cm -1 bands,strong 3 620 cm -1 peak,weak 3 695 cm -1 peak,and without 1 437 cm -1 peak.From south to north,the absorption intensity of 3 696,3 621,797 cm -1 bands decrease,otherwise,that of 780 cm -1 band increase.