非经典法制备锂离子蓄电池电极材料

Preparation of electrode materials for lithium ion batteries by non-classic methods

随着其它技术的发展,锂离子蓄电池电极材料的制备技术亦得相应的发展。综述了近几年来一些非经典的制备方法,如机械化学法、溶液氧化还原法、离子交换法、水热法、模板法、炭棒电弧放电法、脉冲激光沉积法、等离子提升化学气相沉积法和射频磁旋喷射法等。这些方法有的简单、方便易行;有的能降低反应温度,容易得到单一相结构;有的方法设计独特,能制备纳米材料,电化学性能非常优良。这些非经典技术除了降低成本、提高电化学性能外,还将推动锂离子蓄电池向两极化发展:大型化和微型化,从而推动相应应用技术的发展,如电动汽车和先进的微型军事技术。

With the development of various technologies, much progress has been achieved in the preparation of electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. The nonclassic preparation methods, such as mechanochemical method, oxidationreduction in aqueous solution, ion exchange method, hydrothermal method, template method, arc discharge of carbon bar, a pulsed laser deposition, a plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition and a radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, were reviewed.The above methods are characterized simple and easy to operate, decreasing preparation temperature to obtain compounds with single phases easily, and peculiar in designs to be able to prepare nanometerials with excellent electrochemical performance. The nonclassic methods will not only lower the cost of lithium ion batteries and improve their electrochemical properties, but also push them forward to develop in two trends, i.e. maximization and minimization. The relative application technologies, including electric vehicle and micromilitary, will also improved thereby.