山谷型藏山羊建昌黑山羊安哥拉山羊乳生化遗传标记研究

A Study on the Biochemical Genetic Markers in the Milk ofTibetan Valleytype Goats,Jianchang Black Goats and Angora Goats

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（ＰＡＧＥ）分析山谷型藏山羊、建昌黑山羊、安哥拉山羊乳中的ＬＤＨ、ａｓ－ＣＮ、β－ＣＮ、β－ｌｇ、ＳＡ等基因座，结果表明，三品种的ＬＤＨ、ａｓ－ＣＮ、β－ＣＮ、β－ｌｇ有多态，ＳＡ无多态．其中乳ＬＤＨ为１～３条带，有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三种表型．ａｓ－ＣＮ有ＡＡ、ＡＢ、ＢＢ三种表型，由Ａ基因和Ｂ基因控制．β－ＣＮ和β－ｌｇ多为杂合的ＡＢ型，其它的电泳表型极少．乳ＳＡ为单态，定为ＡＡ型．运用乳蛋白基因座计算三个品种的基因杂合度，表明山谷型藏山羊及建昌黑山羊乳蛋白基因座的杂合度大于安哥拉山羊．计算三品种的遗传相似系数及遗传距离，表明山谷型藏山羊与建昌黑山羊的遗传距离较小，亲缘关系较近．安哥拉山羊与山谷型藏山羊及建昌黑山羊的遗传距离较大，亲缘关系远．

Protein gene loci including LDH、asCN、βCN、βlg、SA in the milk of Tibetan goats (valley type),Jianchang black goats and Angora goats are detected by means of Vertical Plate Polycrylamide Gol Electrophoresis.The results show that all of the gene loci are polymorphic execpt SA.There are three phonetype (A、B、C) in milk LDH,which are determined by 1-3 zone.There are three phonetype (AA、AB、BB) in asCN which are controlled by Gene A and B.βCN AB and βlg AB are the main type of milk βCN and βlg.Milk SA is nommorphic.The average genetic heterozygosity of the three groups of goats is determined by the use of milk protein loci.Additionally the results show the heterozygosity of Tibetan goats (valey type) and Jianchang black goats is bigger than that of Angora goats.The results of analysing genetic similarty coefficients among the groups display that the coefficients of Angora goats is smaller than that of Tibetan goats and Jianchang black goats.