无铅汽油车排出颗粒物组分分析

The component analysis of automobile exhaust particles with unleaded gasoline

目的 了解无铅汽油车排出颗粒物对健康的影响 ,对其组分进行分析。方法 以原子吸收分光光度法检测颗粒物的铅含量 ,使用同步辐射X射线法 (PIXE)测定颗粒物除铅外的其他金属元素 ;采用GC MS法分析排出颗粒物的有机组分。结果 原子吸收分光光度法检测结果显示 ,尾气排出颗粒物仍含有少量铅 ,单位重量颗粒物含量约为 0 11μg mg ;PIXE分析结果显示 ,颗粒物含有多种金属元素 ,如镉 (Cd)、锆 (Zr)、钼 (Mo)、锑 (Sb)等。GC MS法分析结果显示 ,两种尾气排出颗粒物吸附大量的有机物 ,主要包括 :杂环化合物 (苯并噻唑 )、多环芳烃(PAHs)如蒽、芘等 ,烷烃、甲基二硫化物 ,酸如 1,2 苯二羧酸等物质。结论 无铅汽油车排出颗粒物吸附许多有害物质 ,包括无机成分及有机成分。

Object In order to explore the health effects of automobile exhaust particles after introduction of unleaded gasoline, the component analysis assay was carried out.Methods Lead and other metals on the automobile exhaust particles were respectively detected by Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Particle Induced X-ray Emission(PIXE). The organic substances, adsorbed onto the particles, were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS).Results The results showed that the particles from two brands of vehicles still have a very low quantity of lead with the amount of 0.11 μg/mg and there were some other kinds of metals on the paticles, including Cd, Zr, Mo, Sb etc. Moreover, quantities of organic substances were adsorbed onto particles from two brands of vehicles(Santana and scooter), including halogenated hydrocarbons, PAHs such as anthracene and pyrene etc, alkane, methyl disulfide, acids such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid etc.Conclusion Many harmful substances, including inorganic and organic substances, were adsorbed on the particles.