黑龙港地区冬小麦生产中水肥关系及其优化灌水施肥模型研究

A Study of the Relationships among Water,Fertilization and Optimal Models of Fertigation for Winter Wheat in Helonggang Region

采用三因素旋转回归设计,对黑龙港地区影响冬小麦产量的水分和肥料因素进行了定量化综合研究。结果表明水分和肥料是影响冬小麦产量的主要限制因子,但水分和肥料对冬小麦产量的影响强度因小麦生长期降雨量的多少而异。干旱年限制小麦产量的主要因子是水分,湿润年限制小麦产量的主要因子是肥料。施用氮肥和磷肥能显著促进冬小麦根系的生长,提高小麦利用土壤水分的能力和水分利用率。水分亏缺可使土壤养分的有效性降低。根据3年的试验数据,建立了冬小麦产量与氮肥、磷肥和灌水关系的反应模型。通过计算机模拟,提出了不同产量水平下氮肥、磷肥和灌水的适宜投入指标,可用于指导实际生产。

The design of rotating regression of three elements was adopted to carry out thecomprehensive quantitative study of the factors such as soil water and fertilizer affectingwinter wheat yields in Helonggang region.The results from the study showed that soilmoisture and fertilizer are the major constraints affecting winter wheat yields,but the ef-fects of soil moisture and fertilizer upon winter wheat yields are different because of theamount of rainfall in wheat growing season.In dry years,the major factor constrainingwheat yield is soil water while in humid years,the main factor affecting wheat yield is fer-tilizer.N and P fertilizer application can promote the growth of winter wheat rootsystem,improve the winter wheat ability to use soil water and water use efficiencysignificantly.Water stress can decrease the availability of soil nutrients.Based on the da-ta of three years'trials,the regression models of the relationships among winter wheatyields and N fertilizer,P fertilizer and irrigation water were established.Throug comput-er simulations,the suitable input indexes of N fertilizer,P fertilizer and irrigation waterwere suggested in this paper,which can be used to guide practical production.