旱地晚茬冬小麦稳产高产栽培技术研究

A Study of Cultivation Technique for High and Stable Yield of Late-Sown Winter Wheat in Rainfed Lands

播期试验表明,与适期麦相比,早地晚茬麦生育期(营养生长期)缩短,分蘖期短,穗分化阶段前期缩短,从药隔形成期开始,以后各生育阶段同步,分蘖少,主茎叶片数减少;产量要素穗、粒重均下降,穗数、粒数少是减产的主要原因。在基本苗35～40万/亩时,穗数略高于或等于苗数,适期晚麦主穗籽粒重接近适期麦,是争取高产的潜力所在。高产模式化试验建立了产量与密度、氮、磷肥的回归数学模型,对产量的作用是氮肥>密度>磷肥。晚播高产途径是增肥增密,增磷促壮,氮磷平衡,越冬追肥覆盖,墒情、肥料、密度协调,增穗增粒。

The planting period experiment indicated that in comparison with winter wheat sown inright time,the growing season(vegetation growth),tillering period and the panicle initiationstage of late-sown wheat were shortened.From the beginning of the formation of connec-tive,each developing stage was in synchronization.Late-sown wheat had fewer tillers,fewerleaves in the main stem with ear and grain weight reduced.The reduced numbers of ears andgrains contributed to the yield reduction.With the basic seedlings of 35-40 million/ha,thenumber of ears was slightly higher or equal to that of seedlings,thus,making grain weight inthe main stem of late-sown wheat approximate that of wheat sown in right time.This iswhere the high yield potential lies in.The modeling highyield experiment has established re-gression mathematical model for the yields associated with crop density,N and P fertilizers.The sequence of N crop density p is important to wheat yield of late-sown wheat.The wayto high yield of late-sown wheat is to increase fertilizers and plant density,more p to proliferation and to have the balanced application of N and p,topdressing and mulching inwintermonths so as to coordinate moisture and more grains.