在宗教与革命之间——试论高尔基小说《母亲》中的“造神”

Between Religion and Revolution——On the "Creating deity" of Golgios's Novel Mother

俄国 190 5年革命失败后布尔什维克党内出现的“召回派”一度宣传“造神论” ,受到列宁的严肃批判。高尔基此时创作的中篇小说《忏悔》 ,一向被认为是受错误思潮影响而陷入“造神”的泥淖。文章从文本形象和细节的析读入手 ,指出所谓“造神”不只是《忏悔》一作中的“问题” ,而且是作为无产阶级文学经典之作的高尔基的长篇小说《母亲》中的思想探索 ;继而从作品产生的政治背景着眼 。

After the defeat of Russian revolution in 1905,the 'schools of recall' appearing in the Bolshevik Party had once propagadaed the theroy of 'creating deyity'.They were criticized by Lenin seriously.The novel Repentance created by Golgios at that time had been thought of being effected by the wrong trends of thought and falled into the mire of 'creating deyity'consistently. Through the analysis of the version,the paper points out 'creating deity' is not only a 'problem' of Repentance ,but also a thought exploration of Golgioss novel Mother which is called classical work of the proletariat literature.Then beginning with the political record of the works creation,it also tries to delineate some deep reasons of the two works which are thought of social religion samely and appraised by late ages differently.