洛川旱原冬小麦氮磷及有机肥施肥模式与施肥量研究

A Study of the Model and Optimum Amount of N,P and Organic Fertilizer to Winter Wheat in Luochuan Rainfed Highland

采用 N,P 二因素五水平和 N,P 有机肥三因素五水平最优设计,通过在渭北旱原洛川县多年多点试验,求得不同土壤肥力等级的肥效反应方程,根据这些方程求得氮磷化肥和有机肥的最佳施用量和经济效益。氮磷化肥的增产效果是每公斤 N 增产小麦5.453～6.438kg,每公斤 P_2O_5增产小麦0.056～4.766kg,每公斤(N+P_2O_5)纯养分增产冬小麦3.942～5.013kg。N,P 化肥的投入去向应将磷肥投入中低产地区,而 N 肥在低、中、高产地区都要同等重视。在大量投入有机肥时,可相应地按 N,P 有机肥模式计算,减少 P 肥的用量。有机肥的施用极大地影响 N,P 化肥的效果。

The optimum design of N,P with 5 levels and N,P.and organic fertilizers with 5levels was adopted in the experiments.The reaction equations of different fertilizer ef-fects in different soils were obtained through multiple-point tests conducted in Lu-ochuan County on the Weibei Rainfed Highland for many years.Based on these equa-tions the optimum amount of N,P fertilizers and organic fertilizers and economic resultswere obtained.The yield increasing effects by N,P chemical fertilizers is that per kg ofN fertilizer can increase 5.453～6.438kg of wheat grain,and per kg of P_2O_5 can increase0.056～4.766kg of grain yields.Per kg of(N+P_2O_5)of pure nutrient can increase win-ter wheat yields of 3.942～5.013kg.The direction of N,P chemical fertilizer mputsshould be Put into the medium-and Low-yielding area while attention should also bepaid to N fertilizer in the low-and medium and high yielding regions.In the case ofheavy input of organic fertilizer,the amount of P reduction should be calculated in ac-cordance with N,P and organic fertilizer models.The application of organic fertilizer cangreatly affect the effects of N,P chemical fertilizers.