乌鲁木齐市水资源利用与保护问题

WATER RESOURCE USE AND ITS CONVERSATION IN URUMQI CITY, XINJIANG

乌鲁木齐市水资源主要有乌鲁木齐河、头屯河和水磨河等,是西北干旱区开发利用程度较高的内陆河系。乌鲁木齐河流域,现有人口1.2797×10~6人,农业灌溉面积7.75×10~4hm^2。1985年工农业总产值26.68亿元,其中工业总产值24.53亿元,占全疆33.05%。解放40年来,乌鲁木齐市进行了大规模水利建设,由于有利的自然条件,地表水和地下水构成了一个统一的水资源系统(图1)对水资源利用率的提高和充分利用是非常有利的。但由于不合理的开发利用,水资源供需矛盾很尖锐。

Urumqi is one of 40 cities in China where are short of water. In 1985, the actual net water used is 7.15 x 10~8m^3 when there are only 6.43 x 10~8m^3 of water resources. It is obvious that the actual water used is beyond the capacity of society and environment and 'three wastes' pollution is beyond the mean China's level, and the self-purification ability of inerior river is weakness.It is leading to the change of groundwater guallty. A series of measure in order to set up the balance system between the enviromental load and the water capacity is proposed