黄土高原水资源特征与利用对策

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER RESOURCE IN THE LOESS PIATEAU AND THEIR COUNTERMEASUERS FOR UTILIZATION

本文在简述黄土高原气候干旱、降水稀少、地面破碎、植被缺乏、水土流失严重等自然条件的基础上。分析了黄土高原水资源短缺、时空分布不均、变化很大,河流含沙量极高,水质污染日趋严重等特征。提出了蓄水保土,建立“土壤蓄水库”,抑制土壤蒸发,发展节水型工农业体系,提倡节约用水、科学用水,加强水资源管理与保护等措施,力求最充分合理地开发利用黄土高原地区有限的水资源。

Based on briefly describing the natural conditions, such as arid climate, poor precipitation, rare vegetation, broken topography, serious soil erosion, etc. in the Loess Plateau, it is analyzed on the characteristics of water resource, such as the shortage in quantity, uneven temporal and spatial distribution, great variation, very high silt content of runoff in the rivers and more and more serious water pollution, etc. in this area. In order to exploit and utilize the limited water resources most rationally and efficiently, the main countermeasures are presented, which are to conserve soil and water,establish the 'soil reservoir', control soil evaporation, develop the industrial and agricultural water—saving systems, encourage to use water economically and scientifically, and strengthen the management and protection on water resources.