论社会转型期的教育问题与综合治理

Educational Problems in the Age of Social Transformation and Their Comprehensive Treatment

当前我国的社会转型主要表现为"体制转型"与"观念转型",从而构成了我国教育系统变革与教育问题诱发的最主要的社会背景。教育问题特指教育系统中出现的病态或失调现象。社会转型期的教育问题具有多重性,可能是教育系统病态的表现,可能是教育进步过程中的特殊问题,也可能是教育发展进程中必要的代价。社会转型期的教育问题表现为六类:结构性、跨时空性、过程性、伴生性、失范性和失误性教育问题。当前我国亟待解决的教育问题主要体现为伴生性、失范性和失误性教育问题。教育问题的解决必须采取综合治理的措施,后者则依赖于三方面达成共识:最基本的切入点是教育观念的变革、最重要的技术手段是教育资源的整合、最根本之道则需依靠推进社会整体系统的变革。

The social transformation in contemporary China is mainly focused on 'systemic transformation' and 'ideological transformation', which make up the major social factors in bringing about the reform of educational system and the emergence of new educational problems. The problems lie in the abnormal phenomena of educational imbalances and malpractices. Educational problems in the age of social transformation have many facets. They can be seen as the reflection of the ill\|condition in education, but also as the cost to further development, which can not be avoided in order to promote educational progress. Basically, we can differentiate these problems according to six elements: structure, time and space, process, derivative impact, standard and norm, and misplay. Problems caused by the latter three categories are the emergent ones in China, which need to be tackled at earliest possible time. Therefore, in order to solve educational problems, we should adopt an approach of comprehensive treatment. In practice, we should keep in mind that the change of educational ideas is the basic departure point, that the most important technological tool is the synthesis of educational resources, and that the decisive principle is the implementation of a society\|driven reform.