实践的自由与美的范畴

The Freedom of Practice and the Categories of Beauty

人 ,作为个体的生存 ,从实践 (以物质生产为中心 )出发才逐步生成 ,而在实践走向创造的过程中 ,人们才不断达到一定的自由境界。正是人的实践—创造的自由使自然人化 ,人也人化 ,从而产生出人对现实的审美关系 ;这种审美关系体现在对象之上就是美 ,而体现在人本身之上则是美感。人类的实践—创造的自由同样是一个历时性的过程和一个共时性的结构 ,因此 ,它不仅有不同的自由程度和不同的自由境界 ,而且还有自由、反自由、不自由、准自由等几个维度 ;与这些不同的自由维度相关便形成了美、丑、柔美、刚美、悲剧性、喜剧性、滑稽、幽默等相应的美的范畴 ,并形成各个美的范畴之间的过渡、转化、对应等关系 。

Man, existing as an individual, is produced by practice (especially by material production) gradually. During the process of practice's developing into creation, man attains different levels of freedom. It is man's freedom of practice creation that humanlize nature and man himself, and produces aesthetic relationship between man and reality, which embodies as beauty in the object, as the sense of beauty in the subject. Man's freedom of practice creation is a synchronic structure as well as a diachronic process. So it has different levels of freedom and can be divided into: freedom, quasi freedom, unfreedom, anti freedom. Based on the different levels of freedom, aesthetic categories such as beauty, ugliness, grace, muscular beauty, tragic, comic, humour, ironic, etc. come into being. These categories can be transferred into one another, thus form a complicated system of aesthetic categories.