论秦汉时期“臣”称谓的社会内涵

The Social Connotation Presented by the Appellation of Subject in the Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉皇朝是我国君主专制中央集权制度的初创时期,人际称谓“臣”的社会内涵经历了由非等级称谓向等级称谓逐渐演化的历史过程。在这一过程中,“臣”在用法上最显著的特色就是君臣称谓呈现出多元化的发展格局。宗法制的社会结构与泛化的权威崇拜恰是造成此现象的社会根源与文化根源。

The Qin and Han Dynasties were the initial periods of Chinese autocratic and centralized feudal society. The social connotation presented by the appellation of subject experienced an evolutionary process from non - classed appellation to classed appellation. There appeared the pluralistic appellations of king and subject, which is the most remarkable characteristic of the use of the appellation of subject. The social and cultural origins, which produced the phenomenon, just rested with the patriarchal clan system and the inundating authoritative adorations.