干旱地区植物结构与水的关系

The Relationship between Plants Structure and Water in Arid Area

新疆域内大多为干旱、半干旱地区,这些地区内,土壤基质以及地面上分布的植被,总的趋势是旱化、沙化及盐渍化。“三化”中主导因素是干旱化,水是其中的关键。因此,人们普遍认为:干旱地区最主要的特征就是缺水。对生长在这些地区众多种植物而言,关键也是水,即水的吸收,水的利用及防止过多水分丧失。这是植物体适应干旱、半干旱地区恶劣环境的关键所在。

The most areas of Xinjiang are arid areas and semi-arid areas in which the most important characteristic is lack of water. Therefore, it is very important to understand the relationship between the plants and water for the utilization of these plants. However, only few. people have studied on this subject systematically from the view point of natomy. In this paper 30 species of plants growing in the arid areas have been determined. The result of this research show that:1. No matter the plants growing in arid area are xerophytes, amplitude and the transitional forms from mesophyte to xerophyte, they have all some xeromorphic structures, such as: well-developed root-system, thick cuticle,lower stoma,well-developed palisade,mucilage cell, well-developed fiber, water-storing tissue,and cells with choroplast in young stem and branch,and so on.2. Although these plants all adapt the arid condition by their special structures, these structures are different in kinds and developing degree. The result of this research also show the different ways for adapting arid environment.