从绝对主权到实效主权:对国家主权原则的再认识

From Absolute Sovereignty to Actual Sovereignty: Reconsideration on the Principle of the State Sovereignty

绝对主权是在16-17世纪欧洲特殊环境下形成的一个概念,在其产生之初,曾对反对神权,确立以民族国家为中心的国际社会产生了积极的影响。但后来也一度支持了欧洲的殖民扩张。二战后,主权平等原则成为国际关系的基本原则,其内涵也开始向经济和文化领域拓展。20世纪90年代以来,经济全球化浪潮给主权理论造成了巨大的冲击和挑战。绝对主权理论也受到越来越多的质疑。在新的国际政治经济形势下,重新审视主权原则,树立实效主权观念,成为急需解决的现实问题。

Absolute sovereignty is a concept which was formed under the special condition of Europe during the 16th and 17th century. At the beginning of its appearance, it made an active influence on the establishment of the nation-state world. But it also supported the colonization by European. After World War II, the principle of equality between the state sovereignty became the basic principle of the international relations, and its connotation was extended into economy and culture field. Since the 1990s, the economic globalization has challenged the theory of the state sovereignty,leading to the weakening of sovereignty. The theory of absolute sovereignty was being doubted by more and more scholars.In the new international situation of politics and economy, it has become a crucial problem to reconsider the principle of the state sovereignty and establish the notion of actual sovereignty.