试评述孙中山的国家结构观及其演变

Sun Yat-sen's View of National Structure and its Evolution

1911年中华民国建立 ,政体必将随着国体的变化而变化。采取何种国家结构引发了中国思想界、政治界最早的一次剧烈的论争和选择。在论争和选择的过程中 ,孙中山的国家结构观是随着环境的改变和认识的深化不断变化的 ,独具特色。以其偏好及其修正程度为标准 ,孙中山的国家结构观由主张联邦制到反对联邦制 ,从支持联省自治运动到反对联省自治、主张地方自治。其对国家结构形式的认识 ,不少地方至今仍闪烁着光芒 ,值得研究。

The Republic of China was founded in 1911. The idea of what kind of national structure should be adopted caused a heated argument in Chinese ideological and political circles. They were confronting the earliest political choice. In this process, Sun's view of national structure developed with the changes of environment and the deepening of his thoughts. In light of his tendency and self-adjustment, he transformed from advocating federalism to opposing to it, from for uni-provincal autonomy to against it, and to advocating regional autonomy. Today the development of his view of national structure is still worth studying.