从解剖学特征看骆驼刺属植物的生态类型

A Study on the Ecological Type of Alhagi from their Anatomy

本文对在新疆分布较普遍的两种骆驼刺进行了解剖学对比观察,并与典型的旱生及中生植物进行了对比观察研究,结合它们的生境特点,对其耐旱性及生态类型的划分予以了探讨,结果如下: 1.骆驼刺属植物具有一些重要的旱性结构,如:厚的角质层、发达的栅栏组织及输导组织,包括发达的木质部导管,具发达的管腔及厚的管壁、叶与茎中具大量的粘液细胞或胶囊等等。两种骆驼刺相比较,骆驼刺比疏叶骆驼刺旱化程度高。2.与典型的旱生植物蒙古沙冬青及典型的中生植物播娘蒿比较,骆驼刺属植物的旱化程度低于前者而高于后者,结合其生境特征,该屑植物应属于中生向旱生过渡类型,趋向旱生。

Many papers about the anatomy of Alhagi have been reported since the early of 60 years. But most of them only related to parts of singe species of this genus and there are some confusions about their ecological type.In this paper, two species of Alhagi have been determined by optical microscopy and the comparations with Ammopiptanthus monogolicus,a typical xerophyte and Descurninia sophia,a mesophyte have been engaged. The result show as following:1. The plants of Alhagi have some important xeromorphic structures, such as: thick cuticle, well-developed palisade, well-developed conducting tissue system including big vessel which has big vessel cavity and thick vessel wall,a great number of mucilage cells which distributed in the leaves and stems,and so on. all these structures adapt the arid conditions.2. The result of comparations with other plants show that the xeromorphic structures of Alhagi more than Descurninia sophia, the mesophyte but less than Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,the typical xerophyte, and the developing degree of the xeromorphic structures in Alhagi also is placed in the middle among the three plants. In addition,the distributed areas and the habitat of Alhagi, it is clear that Alhagi is a transitional form from mesophyte to xerophyte.