新疆叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域的生态环境评价及治理对策研究

ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CATCHMENT AREA OF YEERQIANG AND KASHIGEER IN XINJIANG

叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域农业气候资源丰富,但气象灾害也较多;土地面积大,但土壤有机质含量低,次生盐渍化严重;河流径流量大,年际变化小,季节分配不平衡;天然草场面积大,等级低,天然林面积减少,个别地区有沙化倾向;人口多而素质差。对此应处理好维护生态平衡与发展生产的关系;依靠科学技术,以提高单产为主;制止继续破坏生态环境行为;营造人工林;扩大绿肥种植面积,提高地力;对少数民族也实行计划生育,以控制人口数量,提高人口素质。

The catchment area of Yeerqiang River and Kashigeer River locates in inland southern Xinjiang with distinctive features, that is, rich agro-me- teorological resources vs frequent calamities, vast land vs barren soils with serious salinization, large runoff with small annual change vs uneven seasonal distribution,vast natural grassland vs lower grades, lower coverage of forests with desertification in wood lands, large population with lower qualities. For this reason, We should properly coordinate the relationship between improving environment and developing economy, rely on sciences and technology, advance the per ha output, prevent continuation of de- teriorating environment,expanse afforestation and green manure areas so as to improve land productivity,execute family planning to minority nationa- lities toreduce the growth of population, and bring up top successors.