双峰驼后肢骨骼解剖

The Study on the Dissection of the Skeleton of the Pelvic Limb of the Bactrian Camel

对5具双峰驼后肢骨骼进行了形态学观察,并与单峰驼、马、牛的后肢骨骼做了比较,发现双峰驼后肢骨骼的特征如下:髋结节薄而窄小,荐结节厚而宽大;坐骨结节粗大,坐骨弓呈深“V”字形;转子窝很深,约3.5cm,无第三转子;膝盖骨呈上下行的椭圆球形;胫骨很发达,其骨干的外侧部较内侧部锐利;腓骨退化,近端只残留一痕迹,远端退化成胫骨远端外侧部下伸的踝突,无骨干;跗骨有6块排成3列。后肢其余的脚骨(跖骨、近趾节骨、中趾节骨和籽骨)较前肢相应的脚骨细、长,亦无远籽骨。

The skeleton of the pelvic limb of the bactrian camel was studied and compared with those of the dromedary, horse and ox using the method of gross anatomy. The characteristics of the skeleton of the pelvic limb of the bactrian camel were as follows: the tuber coxae was small, thin and narrow; the tuber sacrale was large, thick and wide; the tuber ischiadicum was rough and large; the arcus ischiadicum was deep V-word in shape; the depth of the fossa trochanterica was about 3.5cm; there was no trochantia tertium; the patella was up-down-directing elliptic-globe in shape; the tibia was very developed, the lateral part of its bone trunk was more sharp than the medial part; the fibula degenerated, its proximal end remained a trace, there was no bone trunk, its distal end degenerated into down-extended processus malleolare; there were six pieces of the ossa tarsi which arranged into three rows. Other foot bones of the pelvic limb of the bactrian camel (ossa metatarsi, os phalanx proximalis, os phalanx media, os phalanx distalis and ossa sesamoidea) were more slender and longer than those of the pectoral limb. There was no os sesamoidea distalis.