大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响(二)

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON SCHOOL CHILDREN RESPIRATORY HEALTH.

目的 :探讨影响儿童呼吸系统健康的主要因素 ,为控制主要危险因素提供依据。方法 :在辽宁省大气污染程度不同的三个城市 ,采用整群抽样的方法每个城市大气轻重污染区抽取 60 0 0名小学 1、 6年级的学龄儿童 ,进行儿童呼吸系统健康状况的调查。结果 :呼吸系统症状的阳性率以本溪和沈阳儿童较高 ,高于大连和对照区儿童 ,但哮喘这种过敏性疾病以大连儿童患病率高 ;对影响儿童呼吸系统健康的因素进行 logistic回归分析 ,发现影响本溪、沈阳儿童呼吸系统健康的主要危险因素为大气污染程度、父母亲呼吸系统疾病史及家庭成员吸烟 ;而影响大连儿童呼吸系统健康的主要因素是父母亲呼吸系统疾病史 ,大气污染不是主要因素。结论 :大气污染是导致儿童呼吸系统健康损害的危险因素之一 ,环境、遗传的交互作用而使部分儿童易患呼吸系统疾病 ,故要注意遗传易感性 。

Objective:To explore the effect of air pollution on children respiratory health. Methods: Three cities in the northeast of China were selected and 18000 children of grade 1 and 6 were randomly selected.The state of children health was investigated by questionaire.Results:Positive rates of respiratory symptoms of children lived in Benxi,Shenyang were higher than that of children in Dalian and control area.However,asthma of Dalian children was more than that of children in other areas.Besides,risk factors of children respiratory health were air pollution and respiratory disease‘history of parents by logistic regression analysis in Benxi and Shenyang. But in Dalian, air pollution was not the risk factors of children respiratory health. Therefore, it is probably that respiratory diseases were caused by common effect of environment and heredity. Conclusions: Air pollution is an important risk factor of children health. At the same time, we should pay attention to susceptibility of heredity.