个人收入分配研究中必须澄清的几个问题

Issues Must Be Clarified of the Research on the Personal Income Distribution

所谓公平 ,从根本上讲是生活水平的公平 ,这样定义不仅符合社会现状 ,也使国家有了更多的实现公平的手段。不同性质的收入与效率的关系不同 ,对社会稳定和经济效率的影响程度不同 ,有的收入方式明显不具备一般的公平与效率的关系。作为判定分配结构状态的基尼系数在不同的国家说明的问题不完全一样 ,应当结合一些具体因素 ,对该数值进行适当修正。国家要调节分配结构 ,最有效率的方式是事先调节 ,通过提高义务教育资金保障程度等方式 ,提升农民及其他低收入者的收入获取能力 ,应当被放在更为优先的位置。

The so-called justice radically means the justice of the living standard. This definition not only accords with the social actuality, but also makes the nation have more measures that can be used to realize the justice. Relations between the income and the efficiency of different features varies, and it affect the social stability and the economic efficiency differently. Some income modes obviously don't possess the common features. Being a way of determinating the state of the income distribution, the Gini coefficient demonstrates different problems in different nations. So it should be adjusted properly combining with some specific factors. For the nation, the most efficient method to adjust the income distribution is the previous adjustment. Increasing the farmers and low-income people's power to earn money by means of increasing the ensured degree of the compulsory educational fund and so on, should be gave the priority.