中国盐湖锂资源及其开发进程

Saline Lake Lithium Resources of China and Its Exploitation

锂资源主要分为盐湖型和花岗伟晶岩型两种。文章在作者多年从事有关研究工作的基础上 ,参阅大量文献 ,简要介绍了我国盐湖锂资源产出的地质、地理特征与相关主要盐湖锂资源的开发进程 ,指出我国有丰富的盐湖锂资源。近年随着提取技术近于成熟 ,扎布耶盐湖已有具市场竞争力的开发技术框架 ,相关的方法亦趋于成熟 ,具有变经济优势的前景 ;班戈湖—杜佳里湖区锂资源提取技术的研究刚刚开始 ,但已显良好势头 ;东台吉乃尔湖锂资源的提取技术需完善及改善 ;西藏扎仓茶卡和鄂雅错_比洛错锂资源提取技术正处于探索之中。最后提出了对我国盐湖锂资源开发的三点建议。

Saline lake lithium resources of China mainly exist in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province and northern Tibet. Their hydrochemical types include carbonate type and sulfate type. The carbonate type lithium resource mainly exists in the Zhabuye Saline Lake and the Bangkog Co-Dujiali Hu, which are respectively located in the western and eastern parts of northern Tibet. Their lithium resources are 8.3×106 and 0.5×106 tons, respectively. In Qaidam Basin, there are eleven saline lakes whose Li content reaches the industrial demand. The lithium resource of the Dong Taijnar Hu is 0.55×106 tons. The sulfate type lithium resource of northern Tibet mainly exists in the Zhacang caka and the Eya Co-Biluo Co. Their hydrochemistry is of the magnesium sulfate subtype, and their lithium resources are 29.8×104, 4.2×104 and 0.7×104 tons, respectively. There are market competitive exploitation framework and related technology for the Zhabuye Saline Lake. If we emphasize the management, its resource advantages will become economic advantage in the near future. The study of the lithium extracting technology for the Bangkong Co-Dujiali Hu has been started recently, which is likely to have bright future. As for the Dong Taijnar Hu, it is necessary to provide better technology. The technologies for the Zhacang caka and the Eya Co-Biluo Co are being studied. Three suggestions are given in this paper.