中国语境下的后殖民理论误区

Misunderstanding of the theory of post colonialism in Chinese context

20世纪后半叶开始,后殖民理论由西方蔓延到全球。在中国语境下,后殖民批评存在的理论迷误成为不可忽视和回避的事实。它具体体现在:以情绪化的“西方主义”取代后殖民批评;认为我国的文学批评患有一种“失语症”而产生的过度焦虑;后殖民批评实践中令人尴尬的悖论处境。由于“西方主义”那鲜明的意识形态性和强有力的挑战性与破坏性,它的兴起阻碍了东西方文化学术交流事业的顺利进行。“失语症”论的提出,体现了提出者的拳拳爱国之心。然而,笔者认为,其存在的前提和相应的对策都值得商榷。至于后殖民批评中的理论悖反,这是我们在操持后殖民理论话语时无法回避的事实。关键是要考虑我们在操持这一话语时,我们处于一个什么样的位置上。我们要超越东西方等级制度和人为的冲突模式,不仅要摆脱殖民地、半殖民地心态,而且要排除那种狭隘的民族情绪。

In the second half of 20th century, the theory of post- colonialism extends to every part of the world. In Chinese context, the misunderstanding of the post - modernist criticism is a fact which can not be overlooked. Its manefestation is to replace post- colonialist criticism with moody'westcentric doctrine', indicating that China's literary criticism has suffered from'loss of voice',and consequently an overanxiety and paradox in the practice of post - colonialism are shown. The rise of 'westcentric doctrine'has hindered the cultural exchange between west and east because the doctrine is full of challenge and deconstruction, which is,as it were,against the historical current. The people who advocate'the loss of voice'are doubtlessly patriatic,but its prerequiste is still open to question. The paradox of postcolonialism can not be avoided. The key point is that we must know our position when we try to make clear what is implied in our ideology. We must not only transcend the hierachy and the pattern of conflict produced by man, but also break away from colonial and semi - colonial mentality, post - colonial cultural elements,and illiberal nationalist sentiments.