背负着欲望的理性思考——王船山对宋明儒学存理去欲观念的批判

The Reason Burdened with Desire --Wang Chuan-shan's Critique of the Differentiation between Principle and Desire in Neo-confucianism

理欲之辨是中国哲学的一个核心论题。在王船山看来,宋明儒学的"存天理、去人欲"这个传统存在着不可克服的理论困境:1.从理性中彻底分离欲求的愿望只是人为设置的神话,因为其本身就包含着一种特殊的抽象使用理性的欲求。欲求与理性不可分割。2.感性活动本身并不妨碍存理的实践。当实践指向物欲的排除时,反而遮蔽了存理的实践。3.存理与去欲意味着两种不同的实践方式,通过去除欲求的方式并不能导致理性的开显。

The distinction between principle (reason) and desire is a basic problem in Song\|ming Neo\|Confucianism which is oriented toward sweeping all human desires in order to restore principle fully. But according to Wang Chuan\|shan, in it there are some difficulties which cannot be overcome: the intention of separating desire from principle is also a particular kind of desire, that is to say, principle and desire is unity; on the other hand, the desire toward things shades not the action of desire but that of reason, therefore the elimination of the desire cannot make principle present.