用混酸三角图研究间歇硝化的物料加入方式

A Study of Material Introduction Mode in Intermittent Nitration Operations with Using Triangular Diagram of Mixing Acid System

该文采用定量拉曼光谱法测定混酸体系中NO+ 2 的质量摩尔浓度 ,做出浓度三角图 ;讨论间歇硝化的不同加料方式对反应体系中NO+ 2 的质量摩尔浓度的影响。传统的包含配酸操作的正加法和反加法均不利于硝化反应的平稳进行。该文建议将硝酸和硫酸分开加入 :一种作为溶剂 ;另一种则滴加进入体系。对于活性较高的芳烃 ,应用硫酸作溶剂 ;而对于活性较低的芳烃 。

Quantitative Raman spectra was employed to investigate the concentration of nitronium ion in mixing acid system and a triangular diagram was made to denote the results, which was used to study the material introduction mode in intermittent nitration operations. The influence of various mode on nitronium concentration in the nitration systems was discussed. It was found that dropping mixing acid into aromatic substrate makes nitronium concentration change too much and dropping aromatic substrate into mixing acid may bring too much by products. It was suggested that nitric and sulfuric acid should be introduced separately. For reactive arenes, sulfuric acid should be used as solvent and nitric acid is the dropping agent; for unreactive arenes, nitric acid should be used as solvent and sulfuric acid is the dropping agent.