模糊PID控制器的发展

Development of Fuzzy PID Controller

将模糊控制技术和PID控制相结合,可克服常规PID控制器的不足,使PID控制器具有参数自适应能力。介绍了模糊控制器和PID控制器间的关系,从一维、二维及三维模糊控制器的输入一输出形式上,以及解析分析角度出发,可以说模糊控制器从本质上讲是一种非线性PID控制器。还总结了模糊PID控制器的结构。模糊PID控制器可分成两大类,一类由参数可变的PID控制器及一个模糊控制器共同构成,模糊控制器用于完成PID参数的在线整定,控制信号仍由PID控制器生成;另一类直接用模糊控制器来构造、实现PID控制功能。分别归纳了这两类控制器的多种结构形式。最后还对模糊PID控制器的发展进行了展望,提出了模糊PID控制器结构的选择、控制器参数调整及控制器评价标准的确定这几方面是今后工作的重点。

PID control is the most common control method used in process control. Because of its simple structure . robust against model error and easy to manipulate, so it is used wildly in chemical engineering, metallurgy, electricity and machinery. A conventional PID controller can' t adapt themselves to varying environments, so it can' t used in process which have nonlinearity, timevarying and disturbance. Fuzzy PID controller which can tune the parameters on - line can overcome this. This paper introduces the relationship between the fuzzy and PID controller. Fuzzy controller is a kind of nonlinear PIDcontroller from the viewpoint of input - output relationship of 1D,2D and 3D fuzzy controller and analysis. This paper also generalizes the construction of the fuzzy PID controller. They can be classified into two major categories. One category of fuzzy PID controller is composed of the conventional PID control system in conjunction wit a set of fuzzy rules and a fuzzy reasoning mechanism. The PID gains are tuned on - line in terms of the knowledge base and fuzzy inference, and then the PID controllers generates the control signal, and another category of fuzzy PID controllers makes up directly by fuzzy controller. In the end this paper also points out the directions of the future development: suitable structure for fuzzy PID controllers, systematical tuning the controller parameters and the evaluation criterion of controller.