江苏省在开展加速控制麻疹活动中麻疹爆发的特点

The Characteristics of Sporadic Measles Outbreaks in Jiangsu Province During the Campaign for Accelerating Measles Control

江苏省 1999～ 2 0 0 1年共发生麻疹爆发 30起 6 13例 ,其中 2 8起经实验室确诊 ,爆发病例数占全省麻疹监测系统确诊病例数的 16 1%。麻疹爆发主要发生在经济欠发达、计划免疫工作基础较薄弱的Ⅱ类地区 ,高发季节为前一年的 11月至次年的 3～ 6月 ,爆发病例主要为学龄前儿童及小学生 ,并且未免疫者占 2 6 1%。免疫空白的存在、疫情报告迟缓、处理不当是导致爆发疫情蔓延的重要原因。

Thirty outbreaks with 613 measles caseshad occurred and covered 16.1% of total confirmed measles cases in 1999～2001 in Jiangsu.Of these outbreaks,twenty-eight were confirmed by laboratory test.An analysis of epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks showed that sporadic outbreaks were dominant and the peak season was from November of the previous year to March-June of the next year.In addition,measles cases mainly occurred in second sort of area among pre-school and primary school children and 26.1% of them had zero-immunization history.Our conclusion is that zero-immunization in large,delayed reporting and inappropriate handling of epidemic situation were three important reasons that lead to measles outbreaks.