我国优秀女子跳远运动员摆动腿在助跑与起跳阶段的运动学诊断

Kinematic diagnose of swing legs in the phase of approaching and take-off of Chinese elite female long jumpers

运用录像解析的方法对8名中国女子跳远运动员(平均成绩6 29m)和10名美国运动员(平均成绩6 52m)有关运动学参数进行对比、诊断。研究表明,我国优秀女子跳远运动员摆动腿在助跑最后一步蹬伸阶段的伸髋平均水平速度和着板时摆动角速度两项指标上有一定的不足;在助跑最后一步中,摆动腿放脚速度慢,髋关节前送技术差,导致摆动腿支撑扇角较大,这是我国运动员在此阶段不能保持较高水平速度的直接原因;在助跑最后一步蹬伸阶段中,由于摆动腿离地时的膝角较大,"屈蹬"技术形成的不够理想,推迟了我国运动员摆动腿摆动的时机;在着板时,我国运动员应主动积极地加快摆动腿的摆动,以此带动起跳脚脚掌向后的加速踏板动作,同时努力使着板角达到费尔歇模式;起跳过程的缓冲阶段是获得垂直速度的主要阶段,加快摆动腿的摆动速度是损失较小水平速度、获得较大垂直速度的有效途径。

The kinematic characteristics of eight Chinese elite female long jumpers whose average performance was 6.29 meters and ten American elite female long jumpers whose average performance was 6.52 meters were contrasted and diagnosed with video shooting and analyzing.The results showed that the stretching hip horizontal velocity in the pushing phase of the last approaching stride and the swing angular velocity when touching the takeoff board of the swing legs of Chinese elite female long jumpers exist a lot of deficiency; In the approaching stride, the direct reason which does not lead to keep higher the horizontal velocity is the bigger supporting fanshaped angle of the swing legs of Chinese elite female long jumpers; The bad 'crook pushing' technique postpone the swing opportunity of the swing legs of Chinese elite female long jumpers; The angle of touching the takeoff board of Chinese elite female long jumpers do not accord with the fiersher′s model; To improve the swing angular velocity of the swing legs of Chinese elite female long jumpers is the effective way of losing smaller the horizontal velocity and attaining bigger the vertical velocity.