上海社区老年人用药安全及影响因素分析

Safety of Medication and Relevant Influencing Factors among the Senior Citizens in Shanghai Communities

目的 了解上海社区老年人群的用药安全情况及其影响因素。方法 以整群抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区两个居民委员会 2 985名 60岁以上的居民进行问卷调查 ,了解其疾病和用药情况 ,用药反应 ,对安全用药的知识、态度、行为 ,以及影响其用药行为的因素。结果 被调查者中高血压、冠心病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为 3 5 93 %、 1 0 67%、 5 70 %和 3 71 %。抗高血压药、心脑血管病药、消化系统药和抗生素的使用率分别为 3 1 72 %、 1 6 2 0 %、 2 4 3 %和 2 1 1 %。过去 3 0天内 ,5 1 3 3 %的被调查者用过药物。用药不良反应发生率为 2 0 6%。对用药安全的正确知识、态度、行为率分别为 71 62 %、 69 3 9%及 60 67%。影响药物选择的因素中医生占 88 1 9%。结论 老年人的用药安全仍存在问题 ,有待改进。

Objective To investigate the safety of medication and relevant influencing factors among the senior citizens in Shanghai communities Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents over 60 years old, 1031 males and 1954 females, in 2 neighborhoods selected by cluster sampling to investigate the prevalence of disease, medication, adverse effect, and knowledge, attitudes, and practice about medication Results The prevalence rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease, digestive disease, and respiratory disease were 35 93%, 10 67%, 5 70%, and 3 71% respectively The medication rates of anti-hypertensive drug, drug for cardiocerebrovascular diseases, drug for digestive diseases, and antibiotics were 31 72%, 16 20%, 2 43%, and 2 11% respectively In the last 30 days, 51 33% of the senior citizens took drugs The rate of adverse effects due to medication was 2 06% The most common adverse effects included stomach discomfort and drug rush The average correct answer rate of safe medication was 71 62%, the rate of correct attitudes towards medication was 69 39%, and the rate of correct practice about medication was 60 67% The higher the educational level of the respondent the higher the self reported rate of adverse effects and the higher the rates of correct KAP about safe medication 70 23% of their drugs came from prescription Physician influenced the 88 19% of choice of drugs Conclusion Medication safety remains a problem among the senior citizens and needs to be improved The most important influencing factors of safe medication is physician