基于栅格结构的林火蔓延模拟研究及其实现

Research on forest fire spreading simulation based on raster structure and its realization.

为研究定量模拟林火行为对林火决策的重要性和林火扩展的时空特性 ,该文在地理信息系统 (ArcView)支持下 ,建立了火场扩展模拟的空间背景数据库 .在此基础上选择了两个组合模型 ,生成速度图文件 ;通过比较边界插值算法、边界外延算法和迷宫算法的不同特点 ,最终采用迷宫算法实现了在栅格地形背景图上林火蔓延的动态模拟 ,获得了在不同燃点有风和无风情况下的蔓延扩展历时图 ,分析得出风速对林火蔓延扩展的影响较大 ,不同燃点下火蔓延的态势是陡坡火蔓延迅速 ,扑救难度大 ;缓坡较陡坡火蔓延的速度慢 ,范围较小 ,宜尽早从火头打起 ,尽早扑灭 .

It's very important to imitate fire behavior quantitatively in the decision making of forest model to produce the fire speed file for simulation. After comparing different characteristics of three algorithms such as boundary value-inserting algorithm, boundary extension algorithm and maze algorithm, the maze algorithm is determined to realize the dynamic simulation of forest fire spreading based on raster topography image. The fire spreading images under wind and non-wind conditions are obtained with different fire locations. It is pointed out that wind speed has the substantial influence on forest fire spreading while the sharp slope causes the faster spreading; on the modest slope the fire spreading scope is smaller and is to be put out easier.