东北地区农作物生长期内温度变化的时空特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Temperature During Crowing Season of Crops in Northeast China

利用温度变化的实际历史资料 ,并与主要农作物生长期相结合 ,研究了 5 0～ 90年代东北地区作物生长期内平均温度变化趋势。结果表明 ,本区各省作物生长期内温度均呈上升趋势 ,上升幅度随地理纬度减小趋于下降。其中以黑龙江省的克山温度增幅最大 ,达 1.5 5～ 2 .0 9℃ ;辽宁省的本溪温度增幅最小 ,仅为 0 .0 6～ 0 .33℃。从全区平均来看 ,春小麦生长期内温度增幅大于春玉米 ,前者增加 1.35℃ ,后者增加 0 .93℃。 6 0年代和 90年代是本区作物生长期内温度快速上升的时期。

Based on the data of average temperature during the growing season of main crops in the last five decades (1950-1990) in 27 meteorological stations in northeast China, the temporal and spatial changes of the temperature were studied. The Results showed that the temperature during the growing season of crops was an increased trend in all of three provinces. The increasing range of temperature declined as the latitude decreased. The maximum temperature increase was as high as 1.55～2.09℃ in Keshan, Heilongjiang province, while the minimum temperature increase was with 0.06～ 0.33℃ in Benxi, Liaoning province. By the regional average, the temperature during the growing period of spring wheat increased by 1.35℃ and higher than the temperature increase with 0.93℃ during the growing period of spring maize. There were two rapid temperature increased periods during the growing season of crops in the 60's and 90's of the last century. Results of the study have great implications in eveluating the effects of drying and warming tendency on agricultural production and in taking measures to combat its disadvantage effects.