生物冰核与灾害防御的研究进展

Progress on the Studies of Biological Ice Nucleators and Disaster Defence

综述了生物冰核方面的研究进展 ,特别是有关灾害防御的内容。引起霜敏感植物体内的水在 - 2℃～ -5℃结冰而诱发霜冻 ,除去生物冰核是这类植物防霜的一条途径。生物冰核能显著提高昆虫的过冷却点 ,可能成为冬季使用的促冻杀虫剂。生物冰核促进细胞间冰晶形成而降低冰点 ,可能提高越冬植物的耐结冰能力。

Many studies on biological ice nucleators(BIN)have been conducted since 1972. The research advances in BIN with regard to disaster prevention were reviewed in this paper. BIN lead the water to freeze at -2℃～-5℃and frost damage occurs in frost-sensitive crops. So removing BIN may become a way for frost protection of these crops. BIN can significantly increase the supercooling point of insect. It may be used as a freezing-inducing insecticide for controlling the freezing-intolerant pests in winter. For BIN promotes extracelluar ice formation, water will move from the intracellular to the extracellular space. This process leads to an increase in cellular solution concentration and lows down freezing point within the cells. Thus, It maybe promote the ability of freezing tolerance in overwintering plants.