极低频电磁场致职业暴露人群神经行为损伤的研究

Neurobehavioral impairment caused by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in population with occupational exposure

目的研究极低频电磁场对高强度暴露职业人群的神经行为损害,为预防职业病发生及进行相应的职业健康风险评估提供依据。方法 2016年对新疆维吾尔自治区2家火力发电厂进行职业卫生学调查,对7种工作区域或岗位进行电磁场强度检测,对88名暴露工人和57名非暴露工人进行职业健康检查、问卷调查和神经行为测试。结果工作场所电场强度为0.001～10.363 kV/m,磁场强度为0.042～143.000μT。暴露组5项测试指标得分显著低于对照组,包括紧张–焦虑(50.9±10.8与54.3±7.6,P<0.05)、有力–好动(47.9±9.8与51.8±9.9,P<0.05)、困惑–迷茫(49.9±11.0与53.4±7.7,P<0.05)、数字译码(48.3±10.0与52.7±9.6,P<0.05)、数字跨度(47.5±9.7与53.8±9.4,P<0.05)得分。利用多元线性回归模型校正性别、吸烟、饮酒、年龄混杂因素影响后暴露组在紧张–焦虑、困惑–迷茫、数字译码、数字跨度项的得分依旧明显低于对照组。将性别、吸烟、饮酒进行分层分析发现男性对于极低频电磁场更为敏感、吸烟和极低频电磁场对于引起短时记忆力减退具有协同作用、≤30岁人群对极低频电磁场较敏感。结论在火力发电厂电场强度最高10.363 kV/m,磁场强度最高143.000μT的条件下,职业暴露于极低频电磁场环境下会引起神经系统发生改变,尤其表现为短时记忆能力下降,同时吸烟可能会对极低频电磁场致短时记忆力损伤产生协同作用。

Objective To study the neurobehavioral impairment caused by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF EMF)with high-intensity in population with occupational exposure and provide evidence for the prevention of occupational disease and occupational health risk assessment.Methods Occupational health survey was conducted in two thermal power plants,in which electromagnetic field intensity levels at 7 key working posts were detected and occupational health examination,questionnaire interview and neurobehavioral test were conducted for 88 workers with occupational exposure and 57 workers without occupational exposure.Results The average electric field intensity level was 0.001–10.363 kV/m and the average magnetic field intensity level was 0.042–143.000μT in the thermal power plants.The scores of 5 indexes were obvious lower in exposure group than in control group,including tension-anxiety(50.9±10.8 vs.54.3±7.6,P<0.05),potent-active(47.9±9.8 vs.51.8±9.9,P<0.05),bewildered-confused(49.9±11.0 vs.53.4±7.7,P<0.05),digital decoding(48.3±10.0 vs.52.7±9.6,P<0.05),digital span(47.5±9.7 vs.53.8±9.4,P<0.05).After adjust for confounding factors,such as gender,smoking status,drinking,status and age,with multiple linear regression model,the scores of tensionanxiety,bewildered-confused,digital decoding and digital span were obviously lower in exposure group than in control group.A stratified analysis on gender,smoking status and drinking status showed that men were more sensitive to ELF EMF,smoking and ELF EMF exposure had synergistic effects to cause short-term memory loss and workers aged≤30 years were more sensitive to ELF EMF.Conclusion In thermal power plant with an electric field intensity level of 10.363 kV/m and magnetic field intensity level of 143.000μT,occupational ELF EMF exposure would cause changes in people’s nervous system,especially resulting in short-term memory loss,while smoking and ELF EMF exposure might have synergistic effect to cause short-term memory impairment.