山西省东南部地区常见心脑血管病危险因素及诊疗习惯的研究

Study on risk factors and medical habits of common cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the southeast of Shanxi Province

目的了解当地农村常见心脑血管疾病的发病特点、危险因素及就医习惯等,为农村地区慢性病诊疗与规范化管理模式相关政策的制定提供依据。方法本项目是一项大规模整群随机对照试验。研究对象按照分层随机抽样的方法抽取,调查内容包括基本信息、生活饮食习惯、相关知识及现病史等,通过体格检查获得血压、身高、体重等数据。结果调查研究对象共1 056人,男性533人,女性523人,平均年龄(64.56±7.54)岁;研究对象收缩压平均(147.33±23.43)mmHg、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)平均(24.42±3.85)kg/m2,男女性别间差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);常见心脑血管疾病患病率为57.10%,其中高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、糖尿病的患病率分别为43.66%、7.96%、3.22%和2.27%;年龄、BMI是常见心脑血管疾病的危险因素,而适当的体力劳动是其保护因素;97.40%受调查者不知道每日推荐盐摄入量,79.40%受调查者没有每月至少1次找村医生看病。结论当地居民血压值偏高,常见的心脑血管疾病患病率高,且相关知识匮乏,村医在慢病管理中的作用较弱。

Objective To discover disease features,risk factors and clinical habits of common cardiovascular diseases in a rural area of China,so as to provide a basis for the examination and treatment of chronic diseases and for the formulation of a standardized chronic disease management model policy in rural areas. Methods A large-scale cluster randomized controlled trial was performed using stratified random sampling according to age and gender. Demographic,lifestyle,relative knowledge and disease history data was collected through questionnaires and blood pressure and anthropometric data through physical examination. Results This investigation selected 1 056 local residents,including 533 males and523 females. Average age was( 64. 56 ± 7. 54) years old,average systolic blood pressure was( 147. 30 ± 23. 40) mmHg and body mass index( BMI) was( 24. 50 ± 3. 90) kg /m2. There was statistical significance in gender difference. The total prevalence rate of common cardiovascular diseases was 57. 10% and the prevalence rate of hypertension,stroke,coronary heart diseases and diabetes were 43. 70%,8. 00%,3. 20% and 2. 30%,respectively; Age and BMI were risk factors while physical labor was the protective factor of common cardiovascular diseases; In addition,97. 40% of local rural residents did not know the WHO recommended daily salt intake level,and 79. 40% of these residents did not see the village doctors monthly. Conclusions The blood pressure and prevalence rate of common cardiovascular diseases of rural residents in southeast Shanxi,China are high. Furthermore,the residents lack relevant knowledge of these diseases and village doctors fail to play a significant role in chronic disease management.