龙岗区铬作业工人职业暴露情况调查

Chromium workers occupational exposure survey in Longgang District

目的通过开展铬职业暴露现状调查与铬职业暴露人群呼吸系统健康损害检查,有助于详细掌握辖区内铬职业暴露人群的铬暴露量、健康状况和职业危害现状,为开展铬职业暴露人群的健康效应评估、健康监护和基本职业卫生服务提供翔实的基础数据。方法调查辖区全部五金电镀厂基本情况,对作业场所空气、作业工人血进行采样和检测,同时对铬作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果作业场所空气铬时间加权平均浓度为0.012 mg/m3(浓度范围:0.01～0.24 mg/m3),低于国家容许卫生标准(0.15 mg/m3),未发现铬酸盐超标。对372名工人鼻部进行检查,发现鼻中隔黏膜糜烂2例、鼻中隔软骨部穿孔2例,总检出率为1.08%。工人工龄与血铬浓度两者间的相关分析结果无统计学意义(r=-0.04,P=0.445)。作业场所空气铬浓度组间铬鼻部位征检出率之间的差异无统计学意义(X2=2.18,P=0.140)。结论地方政府部门需要高度关注辖区五金电镀行业铬作业职业病危害的现状,积极采取综合整治措施,建立长效管理机制,控制铬职业病危害。

Objective By conducting the investigation of occupational chromium exposure situation and the respiratory system health detection of the chromium occupational exposures workers,it can help to know the chromium occupational exposure levels and health status of the exposure population and also the present situation of occupational hazards,to provide basic data for the health effect evaluation,basic occupational health services and the development of interventions. Methods Workers' blood samples were collected and the chromium in workplace air and worker's blood samples were tested,occupational health examination for the chrome workers were also conducted. Results Average chromium concentration in workplace air was 0. 012 mg /m3( TWA concentration ranged from0. 01 mg /m3 to 0. 24 mg /m3); lower than the national health standards( 0.15 mg/m3). For 372 workers,two workers had nasal mucosal erosion,two workers had perforation of the nasal septum cartilage department,the detection rate was 1. 08%. The correlation between the length of service and the blood chromium concentration was- 0. 04( P = 0. 445). The difference of the number of the workers with nasal disease between the air chromium concentrations in the workplaces had no statistically significant(X2= 2. 18,P =0. 140). Conclusions The local government should pay more attention to the occupational hazards of metal chromium electroplating industry in Longgang District,an actively and comprehensive remediation measures and long-term management mechanisms should be established to control the occurrence of occupational hazards of chromium.