中国七个城市学龄前儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖状况的队列研究

Cohort study on thin, overweight and obesity of preschool children among 7 cities in China

目的了解学龄前儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖的发展趋势,为儿童体格发育的干预提供依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,在7个城市随访学龄前儿童的身高和体重,完成基线和4次随访的3 494例数据纳入分析。结果基线时儿童消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为2.12%、79.14%、10.88%和7.87%。4次随访儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率均呈现增长的趋势,平均半年增长率分别为12.91%、3.76%和10.34%;男童超重、肥胖的检出率均高于女童,其差值随年龄增长逐渐增大。基线消瘦的儿童,在4次随访仍有30%左右的儿童维持在消瘦状态;基线体型正常、超重的儿童,4次随访发展为超重/肥胖、肥胖的检出率均逐渐增加;基线肥胖的儿童,4次随访仍为肥胖的检出率均高于70%。结论调查地区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖检出率较高,消瘦现象仍然存在;随着其年龄的增长,儿童超重、肥胖检出率逐渐增加、男女童超重肥胖检出率的差值逐渐增大,家长和妇幼卫生工作者应加强对儿童体格发育的重视。

Objective To understand the development trend of thin,overweight and obesity of preschool children among 7 cities in China,and in order to provide basis for physical development intervention of preschool children.Methods Cluster sampling method was used and preschool children of kindergartens in 7 cities were selected,the children’s height and weight were measured.All of the 3 494 children who had participated in baseline and 4 follow-up were enrolled in the analysis.Results Among the children,the detection rate of thin,normal,overweight and obese was 2.12%,79.14%,10.88%and 7.87%respectively.From the first follow-up to the fourth follow-up,the detection rate of thin,overweight and obese among the children were all increasing gradually,and the increase rate of average 6 month was 12.91%,3.76%and 10.34%respectively.Boys had higher detection rate in overweight and obesity,and the difference values were increasing along with the children developed.In the four follow-ups,30%of the children who was thin in baseline were also thin,the children who were normal physical in baseline developed into overweight and obesity were increasing gradually,the children who were overweight in baseline developed into obesity were increasing gradually,and more than 70%of the children who were obesity in baseline were also obesity.Conclusions Preschool children had high detection rate of overweight and obesity in the survey areas,the detection rate and the difference values of the detection rate between the boys and girls were increasing along with the children developed,the thin status of the children also occurred in these survey areas.Parents and medical workers should pay attention to the children’s physique development.