表面在位化学与液相化学反应的关联和差别

Association and differences between on-surface chemistry and solution chemistry

作为一门化学与物理交叉的新兴学科,表面在位化学(on-surface chemistry)自诞生以来一直处于表面科学的研究前沿.表面在位化学反应既依托于传统溶液反应,又与传统液相化学反应有着明显的区别.传统溶液反应中的诸多经验、理论在表面在位化学反应中依旧适用,很多经典的溶液反应也能在表面上得以实现.然而,利用表面限域效应可以引发一系列在传统溶液反应中难以实现的,具有高精度、高选择性的化学反应,这使得表面在位化学在功能性大分子设计、合成化学以及新材料制备中显示出十分诱人的潜能.本文总结了一些具有代表性的表面在位化学反应,通过比较其与传统溶液反应路径和产物上的差别,归纳了表面在位化学的特点,并对这种"新型"反应手段未来将会面临到的机遇与挑战做出展望.

As an emerging discipline in the intersection of chemistry and physics, on-surface chemistry has been at the forefront of surface science since its inception. On-surface chemistry has obvious differences from classical solution chemistry although they are closely related. Many reactions in solution become applicable in on-surface reactions under ultra-high vacuum conditions without the involvement of solvents. Furthermore, with the aid of surface confinement effects, a series of highly accurate, highly selective chemical reactions that are difficult to achieve in traditional solution reactions can be accomplished, which shows attractive potential for functional macromolecule design, synthetic chemistry, and new material fabrication. In this review, we present some representative on-surface reactions. By comparing the differences in reaction paths and products with traditional solution reactions, the characteristics of onsurface chemistry are epitomized. In addtion, we make a brief outlook for the opportunities and challenges of this novel synthetic tool facing in the future.